2013
2013 is the year of the Snowden disclosures.
- Odd
- Composite
Where 2013 fits
Why 2013 is special
Documents describing the scale of state surveillance programmes prompted encryption to be adopted by default across much of the web. The share of web traffic that is encrypted rose from a minority to almost all of it within a few years.
Factors & digit properties
- Divisors (8)
- 1, 3, 11, 33, 61, 183, 671, 2013
- Prime factorisation
- 3 × 11 × 61
- Digit sum
- 6
- Digital root
- 6
Representations
- Decimal
- 2013
- Binary
- 11111011101
- Octal
- 3735
- Hexadecimal
- 7dd
- Roman numeral
- MMXIII
- Scientific notation
- 2.013 × 10^3
Other mathematical patterns
- Deficient number
Related numbers & connections
Encryption became the web's default after 2013; generative AI reached mainstream use a decade later. Both are cases of a technology moving from specialist to universal within a few years.
View 2023 →Technology & computing
The Snowden disclosures described state surveillance at a scale that prompted the web to adopt encryption by default. The share of traffic encrypted went from a minority to nearly all of it within a few years, which is the most measurable consequence.
DocumentedTechnology & computingPeriod: 2013
Common questions
Is 2013 a prime number?
No, 2013 is not prime.
What are the factors of 2013?
The factors of 2013 are 1, 3, 11, 33, 61, 183, 671, 2013.
What is 2013 in Roman numerals?
2013 in Roman numerals is MMXIII.
About this page's data
Mathematical facts:computed directly from the number's value — nothing to source or verify externally.
Contextual records: 1 reviewer-confirmed record, sourced and reviewed before publication.
Last reviewed: 3 August 2026