2003
2003 is the year the Human Genome Project was completed.
- Odd
- Prime
Where 2003 fits
Why 2003 is special
The sequence was declared essentially finished after thirteen years, though genuinely complete coverage was only announced in 2022. Costs fell from billions to under a thousand dollars per genome within two decades.
2003 is part of
Factors & digit properties
- Divisors (2)
- 1, 2003
- Prime factorisation
- 2003
- Digit sum
- 5
- Digital root
- 5
Representations
- Decimal
- 2003
- Binary
- 11111010011
- Octal
- 3723
- Hexadecimal
- 7d3
- Roman numeral
- MMIII
- Scientific notation
- 2.003 × 10^3
Other mathematical patterns
- Deficient number
- Happy number
- Sophie Germain prime
Related numbers & connections
The double helix in 1953 and a sequenced human genome fifty years later. The second was only conceivable because of the first.
View 1953 →Dolly was cloned in 1996 and the human genome sequenced by 2003. Both depended on reading and manipulating DNA at a scale impossible a decade earlier.
View 1996 →Science
The Human Genome Project was declared essentially complete in 2003 after thirteen years, though genuinely gapless coverage was only announced in 2022. Sequencing costs fell from billions to under a thousand dollars per genome in two decades.
DocumentedSciencePeriod: 2003
Common questions
Is 2003 a prime number?
Yes, 2003 is prime — it has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
What are the factors of 2003?
The factors of 2003 are 1, 2003.
What is 2003 in Roman numerals?
2003 in Roman numerals is MMIII.
About this page's data
Mathematical facts:computed directly from the number's value — nothing to source or verify externally.
Contextual records: 1 reviewer-confirmed record, sourced and reviewed before publication.
Last reviewed: 3 August 2026