1684
1684 is the year Leibniz published the calculus.
- Even
- Composite
Where 1684 fits
Why 1684 is special
Newton had developed it earlier and published later, producing a priority dispute that split British and continental mathematics for over a century. Britain kept Newton's notation and fell behind because of it.
Same number, different meanings
How 1684 is understood across different contexts — never implying one meaning because of another.
- Mathematics
Newton had developed it earlier and published later, producing a priority dispute that split British and continental mathematics for over a century. Britain kept Newton's notation and fell behind because of it.
- History
In 1684, Leibniz published his notation for the calculus, the one still used today (Holy Roman Empire).
- Science
Leibniz published calculus first and Newton had it first. British mathematicians used Newton's clumsier notation out of loyalty and were left behind by continental work using Leibniz's, which is the notation still used today.
1684 is part of
Factors & digit properties
- Divisors (6)
- 1, 2, 4, 421, 842, 1684
- Prime factorisation
- 2^2 × 421
- Digit sum
- 19
- Digital root
- 1
Representations
- Decimal
- 1684
- Scientific notation
- 1.684 × 10^3
Roman numerals
M D C L X X X I V
MDCLXXXIV uses the subtractive pair IV: one before five — five minus one.
Binary
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 × 1,024 + 1 × 512 + 0 × 256 + 1 × 128 + 0 × 64 + 0 × 32 + 1 × 16 + 0 × 8 + 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 0 × 1 = 1,684
Octal
3 2 2 4
3 × 512 + 2 × 64 + 2 × 8 + 4 × 1 = 1,684
Hexadecimal
6 9 4
6 × 256 + 9 × 16 + 4 × 1 = 1,684
Read as powers of two: 1,024 + 512 + 128 + 16 + 4 = 1,684.
In historical numeral systems
Egyptian
1 lotus, 6 coils of rope, 8 hobbles, 4 strokes
1 × 1,000 + 6 × 100 + 8 × 10 + 4 × 1 = 1,684. The signs are simply repeated and added; where they sit on the line is a matter of layout, not value.
Babylonian
2 corner wedges + 8 vertical wedges (sixties place), 4 vertical wedges (units place)
28 × 60 + 4 = 1684. Places are separated by a space on the tablet, with the higher place written first.
Systems that simply cannot reach this value are left out. Where a script needs a font most readers do not have, the reading is given instead of the glyphs — see number systems for each system in full.
Other mathematical patterns
- Deficient number
Related numbers & connections
1684 is a year in the 17th century, in the 1680s.
Leibniz published calculus in 1684 and Newton the Principia in 1687. The priority dispute split British and continental mathematics for over a century.
View 1687 →Numbers Around Us
- appears inHistorical years
why?
Strength 0.50, confidence "high".
Other connections
- is associated with1687
why?
Strength 0.50, confidence "high".
History
In 1684, Leibniz published his notation for the calculus, the one still used today (Holy Roman Empire).
DocumentedHistoryGeography: Holy Roman EmpirePeriod: 1684
Science
Leibniz published calculus first and Newton had it first. British mathematicians used Newton's clumsier notation out of loyalty and were left behind by continental work using Leibniz's, which is the notation still used today.
DocumentedSciencePeriod: 1684
Common questions
Is 1684 a prime number?
No, 1684 is not prime.
What are the factors of 1684?
The factors of 1684 are 1, 2, 4, 421, 842, 1684.
What is 1684 in Roman numerals?
1684 in Roman numerals is MDCLXXXIV. IV is subtractive: one before five — five minus one. Written additively it would be MDCLXXXIIII, which Roman inscriptions used freely — the strict subtractive form is a later convention.
About this page's data
Mathematical facts:computed directly from the number's value — nothing to source or verify externally.
Contextual records: 2 reviewer-confirmed records, sourced and reviewed before publication.
Last reviewed: 15 July 2026