1659
1659 is the year the longest continuous temperature record begins.
- Odd
- Composite
Where 1659 fits
Why 1659 is special
The Central England Temperature series runs monthly from 1659 and is the longest instrumental climate record in the world. It exists because individuals kept recording without being asked to.
Same number, different meanings
How 1659 is understood across different contexts — never implying one meaning because of another.
- Mathematics
The Central England Temperature series runs monthly from 1659 and is the longest instrumental climate record in the world. It exists because individuals kept recording without being asked to.
- History
In 1659, the Central England Temperature record begins, the longest continuous instrumental temperature series anywhere (England).
- Science
The Central England Temperature series has run monthly since 1659, assembled from private and institutional records. No other instrumental climate series extends nearly as far back.
1659 is part of
Factors & digit properties
- Divisors (8)
- 1, 3, 7, 21, 79, 237, 553, 1659
- Prime factorisation
- 3 × 7 × 79
- Digit sum
- 21
- Digital root
- 3
Representations
- Decimal
- 1659
- Scientific notation
- 1.659 × 10^3
Roman numerals
M D C L I X
MDCLIX uses the subtractive pair IX: one before ten — ten minus one.
Binary
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 × 1,024 + 1 × 512 + 0 × 256 + 0 × 128 + 1 × 64 + 1 × 32 + 1 × 16 + 1 × 8 + 0 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 1 × 1 = 1,659
Octal
3 1 7 3
3 × 512 + 1 × 64 + 7 × 8 + 3 × 1 = 1,659
Hexadecimal
6 7 b
6 × 256 + 7 × 16 + b × 1 = 1,659
Read as powers of two: 1,024 + 512 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 1,659.
In historical numeral systems
Egyptian
1 lotus, 6 coils of rope, 5 hobbles, 9 strokes
1 × 1,000 + 6 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 9 × 1 = 1,659. The signs are simply repeated and added; where they sit on the line is a matter of layout, not value.
Babylonian
2 corner wedges + 7 vertical wedges (sixties place), 3 corner wedges + 9 vertical wedges (units place)
27 × 60 + 39 = 1659. Places are separated by a space on the tablet, with the higher place written first.
Systems that simply cannot reach this value are left out. Where a script needs a font most readers do not have, the reading is given instead of the glyphs — see number systems for each system in full.
Other mathematical patterns
- Deficient number
- Harshad (Niven) number
- Lucky number (mathematical sieve)
Related numbers & connections
1659 is a year in the 17th century, in the 1650s.
The Central England Temperature series begins in 1659 and Fahrenheit published his scale in 1724 — a continuous record predating the standard instrument used to extend it.
View 1724 →Numbers Around Us
- appears inHistorical years
why?
Strength 0.50, confidence "high".
Other connections
- is associated with1724
why?
Strength 0.50, confidence "high".
History
In 1659, the Central England Temperature record begins, the longest continuous instrumental temperature series anywhere (England).
DocumentedHistoryGeography: EnglandPeriod: 1659
Science
The Central England Temperature series has run monthly since 1659, assembled from private and institutional records. No other instrumental climate series extends nearly as far back.
DocumentedScienceGeography: EnglandPeriod: from 1659
Common questions
Is 1659 a prime number?
No, 1659 is not prime.
What are the factors of 1659?
The factors of 1659 are 1, 3, 7, 21, 79, 237, 553, 1659.
What is 1659 in Roman numerals?
1659 in Roman numerals is MDCLIX. IX is subtractive: one before ten — ten minus one. Written additively it would be MDCLVIIII, which Roman inscriptions used freely — the strict subtractive form is a later convention.
About this page's data
Mathematical facts:computed directly from the number's value — nothing to source or verify externally.
Contextual records: 2 reviewer-confirmed records, sourced and reviewed before publication.
Last reviewed: 15 July 2026